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Options

Basic option allows users to run every tool for watershed delineation automatically at once. Advanced option allows users to run any specified tools with customized inputs. Watershed Extraction option outputs entire watershed as a polygon shapefile by running only necessary steps - 'Move Outlets' and 'Gage Watershed'.
Basic Advanced Watershed Extraction
Select folder (optional) :

Automatic

This tool runs every step in the advanced option automatically. The outlet points will be moved to modified Peuker Douglas stream pixels. 10 pixels will be used as a stream threshold if drop analysis can't find the optimal value. The input DEM should be in a projected coordinate system with the same units of X, Y, and height. Otherwise, the slope raster's unit should be interpreted as [unit of height] / [unit of X and Y].
Computation Mode:
DEM:
Outlet point layer:

Watershed Extraction

This tool creates the entire watershed shapefile for the moved outlet points. Once user uploads or define outlet points, they will be moved to stream pixels automatically. The NHD+ v2.0 HydroDEM (stream-burned) pixels of values less than -100m were determined as stream pixels.
Boundary Mask:
Outlet point layer:
Watershed:

Clip DEM (optional)

This tool clips out NHD+ v2.0 DEM for input DEM (Note: This DEM is not burned DEM). Please drag mouse to the extent less than HUC 10 because clipping size is limited.

Fill Sinks

This tool fills out pits of input DEM to make input DEM hydrologically reasonable. The input DEM should be in a projected coordinate system. Later 'Stream Network - Drop Analysis' and 'Stream Raster - Threshold' tools accept only rasters in a projected coordinate system.
DEM input raster:
Burn in stream layer (optional):
Output raster:

Compute Flow Direction

This tool creates two output grids - flow direction raster and slope raster, both in eight directions. The input DEM should be in a projected coordinate system. If input DEM is not in a projected coordinate system, the slope raster's unit should be interpreted as [unit of height] / [unit of X and Y].
Filled DEM:
Flow direction raster:
Slope raster:

Compute Flow Accumulation

Flow accumulation is calculated by summing up contributing numbers of pixels, through which stream flows into the target pixel. Please choose eight direction - flow direction raster as an input file.
Flow direction:
Flow accumulation raster:

Grid Analysis

This tool gives three outputs such as the longest flow path, total length of flow path, and Strahler Grid Network order.
Flow direction:
Longest flow path:
Total length of flow paths:
Grid network order:

Stream Network - Modified Peuker Douglas

This tool delineates stream pixes by the Modified Peuker Douglas Tool, which uses flow accumulation pixels in addition to original Peuker Douglas pixels.
Filled DEM raster:
Flow Accumulation raster:
Peuker Douglas Stream Network:

Move Outlets

This tool moves user-uploaded or user-defined outlet points to stream pixels. Please upload outlet points shapefile by right clicking on folders or Spatial Layers in Project Layers section. Or click 'Create Layer' button and add outlets on the map. If you choose to upload shapefile, please upload files with formats - .shp, .shx and .dbf.
Outlet point layer:
Optional:
Flow direction raster:
Move outlets to stream raster:
New outlet layer:

Weighted Flow Accumulation Area

Weighted flow accumulation sums up the number of contributing stream (such as Peuker Douglas) pixels at target pixel. The stream should eventually flow to the outlets.
Flow direction raster:
Modified Peuker Douglas stream raster:
Outlet points:
Weighted contributing area raster:

Stream Network - Drop Analysis

Drop analysis finds the threshold value for stream raster by T test, which evaluates the significant difference between the average drops of the first and higher order streams created based on the threshold assumption. (Note: The input DEM should be in a projected coordinate system.)
Filled DEM raster:
Flow accumulation raster:
Flow direction raster:
Weighted flow accumulation raster:
Outlet points:
Drop table name:
Threshold (m2) Drain Density (1.0E-2, m-1) 1st order stream Higher Order Stream T value
No. Ratio(%) Mean Drop (m) σ of Drop (m) No. Mean Drop (m) σ of Drop (m)

Stream Raster - Threshold

Stream Raster - Threshold tool defines stream raster by choosing pixels from weighted flow accumulation grid with the values larger than the given threshold.
Weighted flow accumulation raster:
Stream Raster Grid:
Threshold (m2):

Extract Streams and Channel Network

This tool outputs stream network and subwatersheds shapefiles. Each stream segment is defined by the links in stream network and subwatersheds are created based on each stream segment.
Filled DEM raster:
Flow direction raster:
Flow accumulation raster:
Stream Raster Grid:
Outlet points:
Stream Network:
Subwatersheds:

Gage Watershed

This tool creates the entire watershed shapefile for a given outlet.
Flow direction raster:
Outlet points:
Watershed:
Store results in folder:
Perform the analysis only for the zone layer specified below:
Boundary Mask:
Option 1: Trace the watershed on the map
Draw Tool:
Option 2: Use predefined NHD Hydrologic unit catalog:
Flow direction:
Pour Point:

I am the SSURGO soil extractor

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      1. Select a Stream Monitoring Station:
        • Select a station of interest by selecting it on the map or using the search tools under the advanced options after selecting an initial station. Search by:
          • Keyword
          • Map Location (buffers, rectangles, polygon)
        • Select a station of interest from the result list on the left or the map.
          • The icons represent stream flow stations from one of the below sources:
          • Blue Pin are USGS NWIS
          • Green Pin are Colorado Division of Water Resource (CDWR)
          • Orange Pin are stations created by the user
      2. Provide Inputs:
        • Select which design low-flow to calculate.
          • The buttons on the station info. balloon assume default values and calculate flows based on the entire flow record.
          • Refinement of inputs, m-day averages, return period, and analysis period dates are available under the advanced options.
        • User uploaded data can be provided and combined with available data from the USGS and CDWR databases by clicking the "Upload Data" button on the bottom of the interface.
        • After providing inputs, click the "Run Model" button on the bottom of the interface.
      3. Further Questions:
        • For questions about how each the analyses work select the "Further Model Info." button on the bottom of the interface.
        • To save a copy of the results page, click the "Print" button on the bottom of the interface.
      1. Select a Reg-85 Stream Monitoring Station:
        • Select a station of interest by selecting it on the map or using the search tools under the advanced options after selecting an initial station. Search by:
          • Keyword
          • Map Location (buffers, rectangles, polygon)
          • Facility
            • Select a stream monitoring station, or more than one, based on what facility and discharge permit is associated with that location.
        • Select a station of interest from the result list on the left or the map.
          • The icons represent stream flow stations from one of the below sources:
          • Red Pin are EPA STORET (WQX)
      2. Provide Inputs:
        • Select which water quality parameter is desired for statistical analysis or comparison to other stations..
        • User uploaded data can be provided and combined with available data from the STORET databases by clicking the "Upload Data" button on the bottom of the interface.
        • After providing inputs, click the "Run Model" button on the bottom of the interface.
      3. Further Questions:
        • For questions about how each the analyses work select the "Further Model Info." button on the bottom of the interface.
        • To save a copy of the results page, click the "Print" button on the bottom of the interface.

      Further Low-Flow Analysis Information:

      Extreme-Value Design Flows:

      An extreme-value design flow is computed as the lowest m-day arithmetic average flow, where 'm' is a user-supplied flow averaging period (default is 7-days), who's probabilyt of not being exceeded is 1/R, where R is the user-supplied return period (default is 10-years). This is calculated from the sample of lowest m-day average flows for each water year in the record (default water year start is April 1st). A Log-Pearson Type III probability distribution is then fitted to this dataset of m-day low-flows and the flow with a non-exceedance value = 1/R is calculated based on the parameters of the distribution (mean, standard deviation, and skewness). Furthermore, the distribution's probability is adjusted to compensate for zero-value low-flows as described in the DFLOW documentation.

      Biologically-Based Design Flows:

      A biologically-based design flow is structurally similar to an extreme-value design flow (m-day average low-flow, R-year return period) but differs in a few key points. First, the averages used for m-day low-flows are harmonic averages not arithmetic. Furthermore, biologically-based design flows are not calculated from a probability distribution but rather pulled from the dataset itself based on the countin how often a trial design flow is not exceeded by m-day average flows in the historical record. The count of exceedances, or excursions from the design flow, are then compared against the allowed number of occurrences, based on the return period of the flow. Then the trial design flow is adjusted accordingly, Method of False Position, and the count-check process is repeated until the trial design flow converges on a single value.

      A caveat to the counting process is combining single excursion periods into excursion clusters based on how closely the excursions occur to one another. If an excursion period occurs within this 'excursion length' (default is 120-days) from another excursion period they are combined into a single excursion and counted, up to a maximum limit (default is 5 excursion period per cluster).

      Human-Health Design Flows:

      The overall harmonic mean of flows can serve as a design flow for human health water criteria that are based on lifetime exposures (Rossman, 1990).

      References:

      Rossman, Lewis A. "DFLOW User's Manual." Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH 45268

      Rossman, Lewis A. 1990. "Design Stream Flows Based on Harmonic Means." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 116.7: 946-950.

      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986. "Technical Guid Manual for Performing Wasteload Allocation, Book VI, Design Conditions: Chapter 1 - Stream Design Flow for Steady-State Modeling", Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, D.C.

      Disclaimer:

      The primary purpose of these outlines, the tables, and the graphs is to help identify possible flow and pollutant problems. The developers are not liable for use of this model (including but not limited to information extracted and results).

      Regulation 85 Data:

      Regulation 85 data is used in the permitting, regulation, and analysis of discharge permits for facilities to surface waters. These permits and water quality targets are handled through the Colorado Division of Public Health and Environment, Water Quality Control Division. These permits are typically for waste water treatment facilities (WWTF) but can also include other industries which discharge to surface waters.

      Sample Size Analysis:

      Determining the number of samples required to assess a stream is useful for planning purposes. A recent study by Williams et al. (2014) has found that the number of samples required to determine a statistical comparison of the samples to a water quality target, with a specified level of confidence, is based on the local variability at the site as well as how close to the water quality target the field samples are. In simplistic terms:

      • The more natural variability in a system, the more difficult it is to determine the actual level in the system relative to the target
      • The less natural variability in a system, the easier it is to determine the actual level in the system relative to the target
      • The further a field sample is from the target, the easier it is to determine the actual level in the system relative to the target
      • The closer a field sample is to the target, the harder it is to determine the actual level in the system relative to the target
      Williams et al. (2014) Equation

      References:

      Williams, Rachel E., Mazdak Arabi, Jim Lofitis, and G. Keith Elmund. 2014. "Monitoring Design and Assessing Compliance with Numeric Nutrient Standards for Rivers and Streams Using Geospatial Variables." Journal of Environmental Quality 43: 1713-1724.